Obesity – The Health Problems Associated With Obesity

Cardiovascular Disease

Obesity is an independent risk factor for heart attacks, coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death. Obesity is also closely associated with hypertension, as weight gain has been shown to increase blood pressure and weight loss decreases it. The association between obesity and strokes, however, is less clear, but may be causally related to high blood pressure instead.

Metabolic Disease

Obesity affects glucose metabolism and increases resistance to insulin, thus increasing the likelihood of developing diabetes. Obesity can also lead to hyperlipidaemia (high cholesterol levels) and decreased fertility. It is also associated with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Cancers

Several cancers are more common in obese individuals. These include colorectal, liver, kidney, oesophageal, gallbladder, stomach, prostate, breast, uterus, cervix, ovary and pancreatic cancers.

Gallbladder Disease

Gall stones and their related complications are more common in obese individuals.

Psychological Problems

In modern day society, where to be slim is beautiful, obese or overweight individuals may suffer from loss of self-esteem, occasionally resulting in depression. In some societies, there may be discrimination against those who are overweight. Young children are also often stigmatized because of obesity. Being teased and bullied are not uncommon occurrences. Such stigmatization in the young could have marked psychological impact on personal, social and academic development.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obesity plays a key role in the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is a condition characterized by loud snoring during sleep with periods of pauses in breathing (apnea). This disturbed quality of sleep results in daytime fatigue. OSA is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, abnormal heart rhythms, diabetes and sleep deprived driving accidents.

Orthopaedic Problems

Increased body weight puts excessive strain on the knees and hips, often leading to osteoarthritis. The lower back is often also under constant strain resulting in frequent back pains.

Reduced Life-expectancy

Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of death. A BMI of 30-35 reduces life expectancy by 2-4 years. A BMI of over 40 reduces life expectancy by about 10 years. On average, obesity reduces life expectancy by 6 to 7 years.

Source by Dr Ang Corey Damien

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